Well that happened to me couple of times.... I solved it by repeating that mission couple of times... Important thing is to let all speeches from Juni and King to end properly , do not try to hurry them by jumping in Minor , jump in Minor only when Juni/King orders you to do that (I played SP campaign like 30-40 times with all kind of different mods and in 4-5 cases I had to repeat that mission )
When you jump in Minor nomads swarm the area, try to stay close to JH , do not run to Toledo...and Von Clausen will come to your rescue, once you hear from Von Clausen all should be fine.... then kill all nomads (watch out, there are few Nomad gunboats).... when all nomads are killed then wait for Von Clausen to give you waypoint coordinates and then head to Toledo.... and when you land mission is over...
EDIT: When you dock on Toledo cinematic should start with explanation alien artifact that Quintaine and Sinclair work on... if cinematic don't start then ... well then ...Errr... aaaa.... awwww....Try to load last save point from mission you have and try again... and if that doesn't work ... then I really don't know how to help you... maybe try to do last mission 13 from beginning...
Skoko is right. In Discovery, cruise engines go 350m/s, rather than the 300 in vanilla. Because of that, you get to places much faster than the game originally plans for you to. Thats why its important that you wait for all dialogues to finish before docking JHs/JGs/bases, as the game is not yet ready for you to do that.