Trade lanes are unbelievably stupid devices- I believe its even mentioned in the Liberty backstory, but since they are designed for public and emergency use, there aren't any codes required. Jumpgates are a little more sophisticated and major ones are usually operated by border stations- if you are hostile to the border station, you should probably find another way into or out of there. However, being designed for public and emergency use, and without any personnel operating them, they are remarkably easy to trick, and are more or less open to anyone, even if they should be avoided for the most part.