cargo pod is something... which has your cargo.. savvy ?
The different types available wont change the functionality of your ship in any way. They just serve a "slightly-RP", otherwise cosmetic purpose.
Quote: They can serve as ablative armor too. If a pirate shoots your cargo pods, they will take all the damage and leave you intact.
Although that shouldn't be something to rely on, since pirates will usually aim for the front of your ship with their weapons, so it doesn't work very well.
Cargo pod here are acting as shields; except, they produce no shield (except as ablative armor). They are destructible components, much like how guns, thrusters, etc. are. They just happen to be huge.