While obviously characters cant just be killed off everytime a ship they fly explodes, from what we've seen in the universe they would just kind of float there in an unmoving escape pod presumably. While realistically this means you could "kill off" any witnesses, the whole powergaming aspect prevents us rightly so from this. So in my opinion a character is well within their rights to say that x happened because their character presumably lived to tell the tale.
On the other hand I also do think that the whole showing screenshots / chatlogs / whatever after exploding is a bit off as well. One thing I don't think most people realize is exactly what the distance would be in some of these systems and the actual travel time any kind of sent information or even rescue teams would take to get to them. For reference to this we can just look at how certain bases are actually hidden from their opposition despite being within scanner range (falkland, ouray, schatten, formerly the bund base in frankfurt are some examples of this). It also takes roughly two weeks I believe for the freeport seven survivors to actually reach manhatten from sigma 17. Adding to these large distances you then need to factor in the various sources of interference such as background radiation from who knows what, other comms traffic that might be coming from anywhere. As well as in the case of one ship being attached possibly some kind of jamming technology.
Overall it's very hard to say without knowing more of the background lore, but generally my assumption is just that the character themselves somehow managed to escape but all the information they might've gotten on that ship itself is gone. This would also be pretty situational as a ship being blown up right next to a base would obviously have witnesses and most of its stuff recovered.