I suppose on paper it might seem like a VHF can't but as mentioned earlier efficiency will be a key factor. Faction guns will have this over CODES. Well most faction guns. When looking at the stats it's not easy to get a feel for how fast a loadout will drain a power supply and how long it'll take that powersupply to recharge and how often this will happen during the 50k or so trek to the nearest dock. Getting ingame and trying out different setups will give you this feel and you will find that an efficient loadout with sustainable firepower will do more damamge over the long run giving them an advantage voer larger ships then the inefficient burst dmg loadouts. On the flip side an inefficient burst dmg loadout can end a fight real fast when it's small snubs fighting each other where the long sustainable firepower isn't as necessary against the weaker hulls. You will find, in this regard, that VHFs can occupy a whole range of possibilities when kitted for it.
In many ways a well flown HF or LF can only be touched by another fighter. They are near immortal compared to other ships because you can't kill what you can't hit and thus are the defacto scouts. About half the HFs are powerful enough to take on other fighters and bombers by themselves and I've seen groups of HFs tear up gunships.