Been out of the game for a bit, but when I logged in, after this new patch / previous patch, I can dock with trade lanes, but I am unable to dock with anything else, such as planets, stations, or jump gates.
I had the same problem!!!
The "Discovery Scanner" causes this issue... If you have this insalled, sell it and get an "Advanced Deep Scanner"
You can still dock just by clicking an object in the map since you can't do that from your screen.
Hope this helps.